Earthquake
CADAM3D offers three methods to evaluate seismic loads: the pseudo-static method (seismic coefficient) and two pseudo-dynamic methods (Chopra, 1988 and Bouaanani and Miquel, 2011). The seismic coefficient method is applicable to all types of hydraulic structures, while Chopra’s method is only applicable to gravity dams without backfills and to gated spillways. Bouaanani's method can be applied to gravity dams without backfill, gated spillways, free-fall spillways and water intakes. Figure 138 shows the dialogue box when the user clicks Earthquakes option of the menu bar.
Figure 138
- Pseudo-static method (seismic coefficient)
- Pseudo-dynamic method: Chopra’s method (1988)
- Pseudo-dynamic method: Bouaanani and Miquel’s method
Additional assumptions for seismic loads
Uplift pressure in cracks during earthquakes
Seismic cracking from U/S and D/S faces